commit 07fd9212dfc78bb8b2b62cc01419dcbfa623d6eb
Author: Samannoy Bhattacharjee <samannoyb.20141216@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 22:25:57 +0530
Initial (and prolly final) commit to pages for legacy KakaOS
Diffstat:
38 files changed, 1847 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/LICENSE.md b/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 3, 29 June 2007
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+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+ 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+ <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+ Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+ If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+ <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
+ This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+ This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+ under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
+might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
+may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# KakaOS
+
+A minimal hobby OS project, designed to exist as it is.
+Unique feature: It's not POSIX-compliant. And I don't intend it to be - not today, not anytime in the future.
+
+## Building
+
+> git clone https://codeberg.org/samannoyb/KakaOS.git
+
+Install required binaries (binutils, gcc, ld, objcopy, qemu-system-x86_64, ovmf, gnu-efi). Then:
+> ./run.sh
+
+You would get an EFI image at ./esp/
+
+## Direct Running
+
+> git clone https://codeberg.org/samannoyb/KakaOS.git
+
+> sudo cp ./esp/main.efi /mnt/pendrive/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
+
+> sync
+
+The above commands are in assumption of your pendrive (or any flash device) being mounted at /mnt/pendrive. Adjust accordingly.
+Get into your BIOS and boot your drive. Congrats, you're KAKA-compliant now.
+
+## Contributing
+
+Always open! Contact me at <samannoyb@atomicmail.io>. I might be slow to respond.
+
+## Donate
+
+Please!
+**[BUY ME A COFFEE!](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/samannoyb)**
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/gdt.h b/arch/x86/boot/gdt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+struct gdt_entry_struct {
+ uint16_t limit;
+ uint16_t base_low;
+ uint8_t base_mid;
+ uint8_t access;
+ uint8_t flags;
+ uint8_t base_high;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct gdt_desc_ptr {
+ uint16_t limit;
+ uint64_t base;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct tss {
+
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+void load_gdt();
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/idt.h b/arch/x86/boot/idt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef IDT_H
+#define IDT_H
+
+void load_idt (int vec, uint64_t idt_handler);
+void interrupt_handler (struct interrupt_frame *frame);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/src/gdt.asm b/arch/x86/boot/src/gdt.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+default rel
+global load_gdt
+
+gdt_start:
+
+gdt_null:
+ dq 0
+
+gdt_kernel_code:
+ dw 0xffff
+ dw 0
+ db 0
+ db 10011011b
+ db 10101111b
+ db 0
+
+gdt_kernel_data:
+ dw 0xffff
+ dw 0
+ db 0
+ db 10010011b
+ db 11001111b
+ db 0
+
+gdt_user_code:
+ dw 0xffff
+ dw 0
+ db 0
+ db 11111011b
+ db 10101111b
+ db 0
+
+gdt_user_data:
+ dw 0xffff
+ dw 0
+ db 0
+ db 11110011b
+ db 11001111b
+ db 0
+
+gdt_end:
+
+
+K_CODE_SEG equ gdt_kernel_code - gdt_start
+K_DATA_SEG equ gdt_kernel_data - gdt_start
+U_CODE_SEG equ gdt_user_code - gdt_start
+U_DATA_SEG equ gdt_user_data - gdt_start
+
+[bits 64]
+default rel
+
+section .data
+align 16
+gdtr:
+ dw 0 ; Limit
+ dq 0
+
+section .text
+global load_gdt
+load_gdt:
+ cli
+ mov [rel gdtr], di
+ mov [rel gdtr+2], rsi
+ lgdt [rel gdtr]
+
+ push 0x08
+ lea RAX, [rel .reload_CS]
+ push RAX
+ retfq
+
+.reload_CS:
+ MOV AX, 0x10
+ MOV DS, AX
+ MOV ES, AX
+ MOV FS, AX
+ MOV GS, AX
+ MOV SS, AX
+ RET
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/src/gdt.c b/arch/x86/boot/src/gdt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../include/gdt.h"
+
+struct gdt_entry_struct gdt_entry[6];
+struct gdt_desc_ptr gdt_ptr;
+
+void set_gdt_entry (int n, uint16_t limit, uint16_t base_low, uint8_t base_mid, uint8_t access, uint8_t flags, uint8_t base_high) {
+ gdt_entry[n].limit = limit;
+ gdt_entry[n].base_low = base_low;
+ gdt_entry[n].base_mid = base_mid;
+ gdt_entry[n].access = access;
+ gdt_entry[n].flags = flags;
+ gdt_entry[n].base_high = base_high;
+}
+
+void load_gdt () {
+ set_gdt_entry(0, (uint16_t)0x00, (uint16_t)0x0000, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0x00);
+ set_gdt_entry(1, (uint16_t)0xffff, (uint16_t)0x0000, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0b10011011, (uint8_t)0b10101111, (uint8_t)0x00);
+ set_gdt_entry(2, (uint16_t)0xffff, (uint16_t)0x0000, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0b10010011, (uint8_t)0b11001111, (uint8_t)0x00);
+ set_gdt_entry(3, (uint16_t)0xffff, (uint16_t)0x0000, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0b11111011, (uint8_t)0b10101111, (uint8_t)0x00);
+ set_gdt_entry(4, (uint16_t)0xffff, (uint16_t)0x0000, (uint8_t)0x00, (uint8_t)0b11110011, (uint8_t)0b11001111, (uint8_t)0x00);
+
+ gdt_ptr.limit = sizeof(gdt_entry) - 1;
+ gdt_ptr.base = (uint64_t)gdt_entry;
+
+ asm volatile("lgdt %0" : : "m" (gdt_ptr));
+
+ asm volatile ("mov $0x10, %%ax \n" "mov %%ax, %%ds \n" "mov %%ax, %%es \n" "mov %%ax, %%ss \n" : : : "ax");
+
+ asm volatile ("pushq $0x08 \n" "lea 1f(%%rip), %%rax \n" "pushq %%rax \n" "lretq \n" "1:\n" : : : "rax");
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/src/idt.asm b/arch/x86/boot/src/idt.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+bits 64
+
+extern interrupt_handler
+global idt_handler_0
+global idt_handler_13 ; GPF pushes an error code
+
+; Macro for interrupts that DO NOT push an error code
+%macro ISR_NOERR 1
+global idt_handler_%1
+idt_handler_%1:
+ push qword 0 ; Push dummy error code
+ push qword %1 ; Push vector number
+ jmp isr_common
+%endmacro
+
+; Macro for interrupts that DO push an error code
+%macro ISR_ERR 1
+global idt_handler_%1
+idt_handler_%1:
+ push qword %1 ; Push vector number (error code is already there)
+ jmp isr_common
+%endmacro
+
+ISR_NOERR 0 ; Divide by Zero
+ISR_ERR 13 ; General Protection Fault
+
+isr_common:
+ push rax
+ push rbx
+ push rcx
+ push rdx
+ push rsi
+ push rdi
+ push rbp
+ push r8
+ push r9
+ push r10
+ push r11
+ push r12
+ push r13
+ push r14
+ push r15
+
+ mov rdi, rsp ; Pass stack pointer as first argument to C handler
+ call interrupt_handler
+
+ pop r15
+ pop r14
+ pop r13
+ pop r12
+ pop r11
+ pop r10
+ pop r9
+ pop r8
+ pop rbp
+ pop rdi
+ pop rsi
+ pop rdx
+ pop rcx
+ pop rbx
+ pop rax
+ add rsp, 16 ; Clean up pushed vector number and error code
+ iretq
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/src/idt.c b/arch/x86/boot/src/idt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../include/io.h"
+#include "../include/idt.h"
+
+struct interrupt_frame {
+ uint64_t r15, r14, r13, r12, r11, r10, r9, r8, rbp, rdi, rsi, rdx, rcx, rbx, rax;
+ uint64_t vec, error_code;
+ uint64_t rip, cs, rflags, rsp, ss;
+};
+
+struct idt_entry {
+ uint16_t offset_low;
+ uint16_t sel;
+ uint8_t ist;
+ uint8_t types;
+ uint16_t offset_mid;
+ uint32_t offset_high;
+ uint32_t zero;
+}__attribute__((packed)) idte_e[256];
+
+struct idtr {
+ uint16_t limit;
+ uint64_t base;
+}__attribute__((packed));
+
+struct idtr idtr_f;
+
+void set_entry (int vec, uint64_t idt_handler) {
+ idte_e[vec].offset_low = (idt_handler) & 0xFFFF;
+ idte_e[vec].offset_mid = (idt_handler >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+ idte_e[vec].offset_high = (idt_handler >> 32);
+ idte_e[vec].sel = 0x08;
+ idte_e[vec].ist = 0;
+ idte_e[vec].types = 0x8E;
+ idte_e[vec].zero = 0;
+}
+
+void load_idt (int vec, uint64_t idt_handler) {
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+ idte_e[i] = (struct idt_entry){0};
+
+ set_entry(vec, idt_handler);
+
+ idtr_f.limit = sizeof(idte_e) - 1;
+ idtr_f.base = (uint64_t)&idte_e;
+
+ __asm__ volatile ("lidt %0" : : "m" (idtr_f));
+}
+
+void interrupt_handler (struct interrupt_frame *frame) {
+ if (frame->vec == 0) {
+
+ }
+}*/
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/src/uefi/uefi_start.c b/arch/x86/boot/src/uefi/uefi_start.c
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include <efi.h>
+#include <efilib.h>
+#include "./include/kernel.h"
+//#include "kernel.h"
+#include "./include/font.h"
+#include "include/print.h"
+#include "./include/main.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+uint32_t *fb;
+uint64_t fsize, maxX, maxY, ppline;
+
+EFI_STATUS EFIAPI efi_main (EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE *SystemTable) {
+ InitializeLib(ImageHandle, SystemTable);
+
+ Print(L"Stage 1\n");
+ EFI_BOOT_SERVICES *bs = SystemTable->BootServices;
+ UINTN MMapSize = 0;
+ EFI_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR *Mmap = NULL;
+ UINTN MapKey;
+ UINTN DescriptorSize;
+ UINT32 DescriptorVersion;
+ EFI_STATUS status;
+ EFI_GUID gopGuid = EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL_GUID;
+ EFI_GRAPHICS_OUTPUT_PROTOCOL *gop;
+
+ Print(L"Survived Stage 1\n");
+
+ Print(L"proceeding to get gop\n");
+ status = uefi_call_wrapper(bs->LocateProtocol, 3, &gopGuid, NULL, (void**)&gop);
+ if (EFI_ERROR(status)) return status;
+
+ typedef struct fbuffer {
+ uint32_t *fb;
+ UINTN fsize;
+ UINTN ppline;
+ UINTN VertRes;
+ UINTN HorizRes;
+ } Framebuffer;
+
+ Framebuffer kernel_fb;
+ kernel_fb.fb = (uint32_t *)gop->Mode->FrameBufferBase;
+ kernel_fb.fsize = gop->Mode->FrameBufferSize;
+ kernel_fb.ppline = (UINTN)gop->Mode->Info->PixelsPerScanLine;
+ kernel_fb.VertRes = (UINTN)gop->Mode->Info->VerticalResolution;
+ kernel_fb.HorizRes = (UINTN)gop->Mode->Info->HorizontalResolution;
+
+ fb = kernel_fb.fb;
+ maxX = kernel_fb.HorizRes;
+ maxY = kernel_fb.VertRes;
+ fsize = kernel_fb.fsize;
+ ppline = kernel_fb.ppline;
+
+ Print(L"GOP Loaded successfully.\n");
+
+ Print(L"Stage 2\n");
+ status = uefi_call_wrapper(bs->GetMemoryMap, 5, &MMapSize, NULL, &MapKey, &DescriptorSize, &DescriptorVersion);
+ if (status != EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) while (1);
+ Print(L"survived Stage 2\n");
+
+ MMapSize += 5 * DescriptorSize;
+ Print(L"Stage 3\n");
+ status = uefi_call_wrapper(bs->AllocatePool, 3, EfiLoaderData, MMapSize, (void**)&Mmap);
+ if (EFI_ERROR(status)) {
+ // Print(status);
+ return status;
+ }
+ Print(L"Stage 3 survived\n");
+
+ Print(L"Stage 4\n");
+ status = uefi_call_wrapper(bs->GetMemoryMap, 5, &MMapSize, Mmap, &MapKey, &DescriptorSize, &DescriptorVersion);
+ if (EFI_ERROR(status)) return status;
+ // Print(L"Stage 4 done. Attempting stage 5....\n");
+ status = uefi_call_wrapper(bs->ExitBootServices, 2, ImageHandle, MapKey);
+ if (EFI_ERROR(status)) {
+ Print(L"Exit failed\n");
+ while (1);
+ }
+
+ __asm__ volatile("cli");
+ // k_print("black", "HEY!");
+ kernel(kernel_fb.fb, kernel_fb.fsize, kernel_fb.ppline, kernel_fb.HorizRes, kernel_fb.VertRes);
+
+ while (1) {
+ __asm__ volatile("hlt");
+ }
+
+ return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/uefi_start.h b/arch/x86/boot/uefi_start.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+#pragma once
+#ifndef MAIN_H
+#define MAIN_H
+
+extern uint32_t *fb;
+extern uint64_t fsize, maxX, maxY, ppline;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/build/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI b/arch/x86/build/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
Binary files differ.
diff --git a/arch/x86/build/NvVars b/arch/x86/build/NvVars
Binary files differ.
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/commands.h b/arch/x86/util/commands.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef COMMANDS_H
+#define COMMANDS_H
+
+const char *commands (const char *cmd);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/font.h b/arch/x86/util/font.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifndef FONT8x16_H
+#define FONT8x16_H
+
+extern unsigned char font8x16[][16];
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/io.h b/arch/x86/util/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef IO_H
+#define IO_H
+
+static inline void outb (uint16_t port, uint8_t val) {
+ __asm__ volatile( "outb %b0, %w1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port) : "memory");
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t inb (uint16_t port) {
+ uint8_t ret_val;
+ __asm__ volatile("inb %w1, %b0" : "=a"(ret_val) : "Nd" (port) : "memory");
+ return ret_val;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/isspace.h b/arch/x86/util/isspace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef ISSPACE_H
+#define ISSPACE_H
+
+int k_isspace (const char *str);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/print.h b/arch/x86/util/print.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+#ifndef PRINT_H
+#define PRINT_H
+
+void k_print(char *mode, const char *str);
+void k_delete(char *mode);
+void k_warn(char *mode, const char *str);
+void k_info(char *mode, const char *str);
+void k_init(char *mode);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/src/commands.c b/arch/x86/util/src/commands.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include "../include/commands.h"
+#include "../include/strcmp.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+const char *commands (const char *cmd) {
+ // return "yo";
+ if (strcmp(cmd, "help") == 1) {
+ return "KakaOS v0.0.1 . List of commands: help (Displays this page), mystatus";
+ } else return "Command not found.";
+ // strcmp(cmd,"help");
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/src/font.c b/arch/x86/util/src/font.c
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "../include/font.h"
+
+// thx to https://github.com/hubenchang0515/font8x16 for this array
+unsigned char font8x16[][16] = {
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x00,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x81, 0xA5, 0x81, 0x81, 0xBD, 0x99, 0x81, 0x81, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x01,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xDB, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x02,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x03,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x04,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x05,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x06,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x07,
+ { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xE7, 0xC3, 0xC3, 0xE7, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, }, //0x08,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x09,
+ { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xC3, 0x99, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0x99, 0xC3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, }, //0x0A,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0E, 0x1A, 0x32, 0x78, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x0B,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x0C,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x33, 0x3F, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x0D,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x7F, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x0E,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xDB, 0x3C, 0xE7, 0x3C, 0xDB, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x0F,
+ { 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFE, 0xF8, 0xF0, 0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x10,
+ { 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x1E, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0x3E, 0x1E, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x11,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x12,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x13,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0xDB, 0x7B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x1B, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x14,
+ { 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x15,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x16,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x17,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x18,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x19,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x0C, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1A,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xFE, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1B, esc
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1C,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1D,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1E,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x1F,
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x20, ' '
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x21, '!'
+ { 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x22, '"'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x23, '#'
+ { 0x18, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x86, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x24, '$'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x25, '%'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x26, '&'
+ { 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x27, '''
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x28, '('
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x29, ')'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2A, '*'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2B, '+'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2C, '
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2D, '-'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2E, '.'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x2F, '/'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x30, '0'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x31, '1'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x32, '2'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x33, '3'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x34, '4'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x35, '5'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x36, '6'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x37, '7'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x38, '8'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x39, '9'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3A, ':'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3B, ';'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3C, '<'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3D, '='
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3E, '>'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x3F, '?'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x40, '@'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x41, 'A'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x42, 'B'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x43, 'C'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x44, 'D'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x45, 'E'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x46, 'F'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x66, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x47, 'G'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x48, 'H'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x49, 'I'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4A, 'J'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xE6, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4B, 'K'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4C, 'L'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4D, 'M'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xFE, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4E, 'N'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x4F, 'O'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x50, 'P'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xDE, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x51, 'Q'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x52, 'R'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0x06, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x53, 'S'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x5A, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x54, 'T'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x55, 'U'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x56, 'V'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x57, 'W'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x58, 'X'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x59, 'Y'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5A, 'Z'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5B, '['
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0x70, 0x38, 0x1C, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5C, '\'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5D, ']'
+ { 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5E, '^'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x5F, '_'
+ { 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x60, '`'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x61, 'a'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x62, 'b'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x63, 'c'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x64, 'd'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x65, 'e'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x66, 'f'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, }, //0x67, 'g'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x68, 'h'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x69, 'i'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, }, //0x6A, 'j'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x6B, 'k'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x6C, 'l'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEC, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x6D, 'm'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x6E, 'n'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x6F, 'o'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, }, //0x70, 'p'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, }, //0x71, 'q'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x66, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x72, 'r'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x73, 's'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x36, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x74, 't'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x75, 'u'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x76, 'v'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x77, 'w'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x78, 'x'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x0C, 0xF8, 0x00, }, //0x79, 'y'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xCC, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7A, 'z'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7B, '{'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7C, '|'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7D, '}'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7E, '~'
+ { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }, //0x7F, delete
+};
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/src/isspace.c b/arch/x86/util/src/isspace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "../include/isspace.h"
+#include "../include/print.h"
+
+#define MODE "black"
+
+int k_isspace (const char *str) {
+ if (!str || *str == '\0') return -1;
+ int length = 0, whitespaces = 0;
+
+ while (*str != '\0') {
+ length++;
+ if (*str == ' ') {
+ whitespaces++;
+ }
+ str++;
+ }
+
+ if (length == whitespaces) return -1;
+ else return 1;
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/src/print.c b/arch/x86/util/src/print.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "../include/main.h"
+#include "../include/print.h"
+#include "../include/font.h"
+#include "../include/strcmp.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define OFF_WHITE 0xFFFFFDD0
+#define BLACK 0x00000000
+#define RED 0xFFFF0000
+#define YELLOW 0xFFFFFF00
+#define WHITE 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+uint64_t x = 0;
+uint64_t y = 0;
+
+
+void perRowPrint(unsigned char line, int line_idx, int x_dyn, char *mode) {
+ if (strcmp(mode, "black") == 1) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = WHITE;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = BLACK;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = BLACK;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = WHITE;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void perRowWarn(unsigned char line, int line_idx, int x_dyn, char *mode) {
+ if (strcmp(mode, "black") == 1) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = RED;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = BLACK;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = RED;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = WHITE;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void perRowInfo(unsigned char line, int line_idx, int x_dyn, char *mode) {
+ if (strcmp(mode, "black") == 1) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = YELLOW;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = BLACK;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ unsigned char mask = 0x80 >> i;
+
+ if (line & mask) {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = YELLOW;
+ } else {
+ fb[(y+line_idx) * ppline + (x_dyn+i)] = WHITE;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void k_print(char *mode, const char *str) {
+ int line_idx;
+
+ const char *ch = str;
+ while (*ch != 0) {
+ if (*ch=='\n') {
+ x = 0;
+ y +=16;
+ ch++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ for (line_idx = 0; line_idx < 16; line_idx++) {
+ perRowPrint(font8x16[(unsigned char)*ch][line_idx], line_idx, x, mode);
+ }
+
+ if (x+8==maxX) {
+ x=0; y+=16;
+ }
+ x+=8; ch++;
+ }
+}
+
+void k_warn(char *mode, const char *str) {
+ int line_idx;
+
+ const char *ch = str;
+ while (*ch != 0) {
+ if (*ch=='\n') {
+ x = 0;
+ y +=16;
+ ch++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ for (line_idx = 0; line_idx < 16; line_idx++) {
+ perRowWarn(font8x16[(unsigned char)*ch][line_idx], line_idx, x, mode);
+ }
+
+ if (x+8==maxX) {
+ x=0; y+=16;
+ }
+ x+=8; ch++;
+ }
+}
+
+void k_info(char *mode, const char *str) {
+ int line_idx;
+
+ const char *ch = str;
+ while (*ch != 0) {
+ if (*ch=='\n') {
+ x = 0;
+ y +=16;
+ ch++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ for (line_idx = 0; line_idx < 16; line_idx++) {
+ perRowInfo(font8x16[(unsigned char)*ch][line_idx], line_idx, x, mode);
+ }
+
+ if (x+8==maxX) {
+ x=0; y+=16;
+ }
+ x+=8; ch++;
+ }
+}
+
+void k_delete(char *mode) {
+ if (x<=72) {
+ return;
+ } else {
+ x-=8;
+ k_print(mode, " ");
+ x-=8;
+ }
+}
+
+void k_init (char *mode) {
+ if (strcmp(mode, "black") == 1) {
+ for (uint64_t i = 0; i < fsize / 4; i++) {
+ fb[i] = BLACK;
+ }
+ } else {
+ for (uint64_t i = 0; i < fsize / 4; i++) {
+ fb[i] = WHITE;
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/src/strcmp.c b/arch/x86/util/src/strcmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "../include/strcmp.h"
+#include "../include/print.h"
+
+int strcmp (const char *st1, const char *st2) {
+ int len1 = 0, len2 = 0, foundLen = 0;
+ int foundFlag = 0;
+ const char *p1 = st1;
+ const char *p2 = st2;
+ while (*p1 != 0) {
+ len1++;
+ p1++;
+ }
+ while (*p2 != 0) {
+ len2++;
+ p2++;
+ }
+ if (len1 == len2) {
+ p1 = st1;
+ p2 = st2;
+
+ while (*p1 != '\0') {
+ if (*p1 != *p2) {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ foundLen++;
+ p1++;
+ p2++;
+ }
+
+ if (len1==foundLen) {
+ return 1;
+ } else return -1;
+ } return -1;
+}
diff --git a/arch/x86/util/strcmp.h b/arch/x86/util/strcmp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef STRCMP_H
+#define STRCMP_H
+
+int strcmp (const char *st1, const char *st2);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/core/kernel.h b/core/kernel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+#ifndef KERNEL_H
+#define KERNEL_H
+
+void kernel (uint32_t *f_base, uint64_t f_size, uint64_t pp_line, uint64_t maxX, uint64_t maxY);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/core/libc/stdint.h b/core/libc/stdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef _STDINT_H
+#define _STDINT_H
+
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
+
+// other essential types
+
+typedef unsigned long size_t; //unsigned size_t to adjust to (32/64) bit systems and memory operations
+typedef long ssize_t; // signed size_t -> ssize_t
+typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
+
+#endif
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/memcmp.c b/core/libc/strings/memcmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+#include "../stdint.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n) {
+
+ const unsigned char *str_1 = (const unsigned char *)s1;
+ const unsigned char *str_2 = (const unsigned char *)s2;
+
+ int b_same = 1; // initialization of return value
+
+ size_t i = 0; //lc -> loop counter
+ while (1) {
+
+ if (i == n) { // loop finished successfully, indicating every dereference byte of s1 and s2 are same
+ b_same = 0; // return zero
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (*str_1 != *str_2) { // loop broke: s1 != s2
+ b_same = (int)*str_1 - (int)*str_2; // if s1 > s2 value returned (difference of bytes) is positive; otherwise negative
+ break;
+ }
+
+ str_1++; str_2++; i++; // increment pointers and loop counter
+ }
+
+ return b_same; // return difference of bytes (+/-) or successful comparison (0)
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/memcpy.c b/core/libc/strings/memcpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+
+#include "../stdint.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+void *memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+
+ // Safety check
+ if (src == (void *)'\0' || dest == (void *)'\0') return dest;
+ if (n == 0) return dest;
+
+ unsigned char *dst = (unsigned char *)dest;
+ const unsigned char *srrc = (const unsigned char *)src;
+
+ size_t i = 0; // initialize i to the beginning as a counter
+
+ while (1) {
+ if (i == n) { // check if i == n that means loop has completed filling "n" bytes of p with x
+ break;
+ }
+ *dst = *srrc; // dereference 'dst' and set it to dereferenced 'srrc'
+ dst++; // increment address of pointer by one byte
+ srrc++; // increment read-only source pointer
+ i++; // increment i to move for next 'n' byte
+ }
+
+ return dest;
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/memmove.c b/core/libc/strings/memmove.c
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "../stdint.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+// memmove is a 'overlap-safe' operation of memcpy (memcopy). Implementation of the latter can be found at ./memcpy.c
+void *memmove (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n) {
+ unsigned char *srrc = (unsigned char *)src;
+ unsigned char *dst = (unsigned char *)dest;
+
+ if (dst > srrc) { // if destination beginning overlaps with srrc[end] or < srrc[end]
+ // forward logic
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ dst[i] = srrc[i];
+ }
+
+ } else if (dst < srrc) { // if source beginning overlaps with dest[end] or < dest[end]
+ // backward logic
+
+ for (size_t i = n; i > 0; i--) {
+ dst[i - 1] = srrc[i - 1];
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ return dest; // now it points wherever dst starts
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/memset.c b/core/libc/strings/memset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-header: */
+
+#include "../stdint.h"
+#include "string.h"
+
+
+void *memset (void *ptr, int x, size_t n) {
+
+ unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)ptr;
+
+ size_t i = 0; // initialize i to the beginning as a counter
+ while (1) {
+
+ if (i == n) { // check if i == n that means loop has completed filling "n" bytes of p with x
+ break;
+ }
+
+ *p = (unsigned char)x; // dereference 'p' and set it to 'x' by casting the int x to a char
+
+ p++; // increment address of pointer by one byte
+ i++; // increment i to move for next 'n' byte
+ }
+
+ return ptr; // return original pointer passed
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/strcmp.c b/core/libc/strings/strcmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "../stdint.h"
+
+int strcmp (const char *s1, const char *s2) {
+
+ int b_value = 1;
+
+ while (1) {
+
+ if (*s1 == '\0' && *s2 == '\0'){
+ b_value = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (*s1 != *s2) {
+ b_value = (int)*s1 - (int)*s2;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ s1++; s2++;
+
+ }
+
+ return b_value;
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/strcpy.c b/core/libc/strings/strcpy.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "../stdint.h"
+
+char *strcpy (const char *src, char *dest) {
+ char *init_p = dest; // keep pointing to first character at memory address
+
+ while (1) {
+ *dest = *src;
+
+ if (*src == '\0') {
+ break;
+ }
+
+ src++; dest++;
+
+ }
+
+ return init_p; // just return the initial pointer
+}
diff --git a/core/libc/strings/string.h b/core/libc/strings/string.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../stdint.h"
+#ifndef _STRING_H
+#define _STRING_H
+
+void *memmove (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+int memcmp (const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t n);
+void *memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t n);
+void *memset (void *ptr, int x, size_t n);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/core/src/kernel.c b/core/src/kernel.c
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../include/print.h"
+#include "../include/kernel.h"
+#include "../include/gdt.h"
+#include "../include/io.h"
+#include "../include/commands.h"
+#include "../include/keyboard.h"
+// #include "../include/idt.h"
+
+#define MODE "black"
+
+//extern void idt_handler_0();
+//extern void idt_handler_13();
+
+int isInit = -1;
+
+void kernel (uint32_t *f_base, uint64_t f_size, uint64_t pp_line, uint64_t maxX, uint64_t maxY) {
+ load_gdt();
+
+ k_init(MODE);
+ uint64_t x = 0;
+ uint64_t y = 0;
+
+ k_print(MODE, " $$\\ $$\\ $$\\ $$$$$$\\ $$$$$$\\ \n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$ | $$ | $$ | $$ __$$\\ $$ __$$\\\n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$ |$$ / $$$$$$\\ $$ | $$\\ $$$$$$\\ $$ / $$ |$$ / \\__|\n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$$$$ / \\____$$\\ $$ | $$ |\\____$$\\ $$ | $$ |\\$$$$$$\\ \n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$ $$< $$$$$$$ |$$$$$$ / $$$$$$$ |$$ | $$ | \\____$$\\ \n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$ |\\$$\\ $$ __$$ |$$ _$$< $$ __$$ |$$ | $$ |$$\\ $$ |\n");
+ k_print(MODE, " $$ | \\$$\\\\$$$$$$$ |$$ | \\$$\\\\$$$$$$$ | $$$$$$ |\\$$$$$$ |\n");
+ k_print(MODE, " \\__| \\__|\\_______|\\__| \\__|\\_______| \\______/ \\______/ \n");
+
+ k_print(MODE, "\n");
+ k_print(MODE, "\n");
+ k_print(MODE, "\n");
+
+ k_print(MODE, "Welcome to KakaOS! \n");
+ k_info(MODE, "[INFO] Loading GDT... \n");
+ k_info(MODE, "[INFO] Loading kernel drivers... \n");
+ k_info(MODE, "[INFO] Loading PS/2 driver... \n");
+ k_warn(MODE, "[WARNING] You are currently in ring 0 kernel mode. You are solely responsible for any harm to your hardware. Operate at own risk. \n");
+ k_print(MODE, "KakaOS > ");
+
+ // __asm__ volatile("int $0");
+
+ keyboard();
+}
diff --git a/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.h b/drivers/keyboard/keyboard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef KEYBOARD_H
+#define KEYBOARD_H
+
+void keyboard();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/drivers/keyboard/oldholeps2.c b/drivers/keyboard/oldholeps2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "../../include/keyboard.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "../../include/strcmp.h"
+#include "../../include/io.h"
+#include "../../include/print.h"
+#include "../../include/commands.h"
+#include "../../include/isspace.h"
+
+#define MODE "black"
+
+unsigned char whichChar (uint8_t scancode) {
+ unsigned char map[128] = {
+ 0, 27, '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '-', '=', '\b',
+ '\t', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't', 'y', 'u', 'i', 'o', 'p', '[', ']', '\n',
+ 0, 'a', 's', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', ';', '\'', '`', 0,
+ '\\', 'z', 'x', 'c', 'v', 'b', 'n', 'm', ',', '.', '/', 0, '*', 0, ' ',
+ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '-', 0, 0, 0, '+', 0, 0,
+ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+ };
+
+ return map[scancode];
+}
+
+void trigger_newline() {
+ k_print(MODE, "\n");
+ k_print(MODE, "KakaOS > ");
+}
+
+char buff[128];
+char *buffer = buff;
+uint8_t st;
+
+void keyboard () {
+ while (1) {
+ if (inb(0x64)&1) {
+ st = inb(0x60);
+
+ if (st & 0x80) {
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (st==0x0E) {
+ k_delete(MODE);
+ if (k_isspace(buff) > 0) {
+ buffer--;
+ *buffer = '\0';
+ //buffer=buff;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (st==0x1C) {
+ *buffer = '\0';
+ if (k_isspace(buff) < 0) {
+ buffer=buff;
+ trigger_newline();
+ }
+ else {
+ k_print(MODE, "\n");
+ k_print(MODE, commands(buff));
+ buffer=buff;
+ trigger_newline();
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ if ((char)whichChar(st) != 0) {
+ const char ch[] = { (char)whichChar(st), '\0'};
+ *buffer = ch[0];
+ buffer++;
+ k_print(MODE, ch);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/drivers/net/net.c b/drivers/net/net.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+// To be added
diff --git a/run b/run
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+clang --target=riscv64 -march=rv64gc -ffreestanding -nostdlib -nostartfiles -fuse-ld=lld -Wl,-T,linker.ld riscv.S -o riscv.elf
+qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -kernel riscv.elf
diff --git a/run-old b/run-old
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c main.c -o ./objects/main.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/font.c -o ./objects/font.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/print.c -o ./objects/print.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./kernel/kernel.c -o ./objects/kernel.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./boot/gdt.c -o ./objects/gdt.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/strcmp.c -o ./objects/strcmp.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/commands.c -o ./objects/commands.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./drivers/keyboard/oldholeps2.c -o ./objects/keyboard.o
+gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/isspace.c -o ./objects/isspace.o
+#gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./util/io.c -o ./objects/io.o
+#gcc -I/usr/include/efi -fpic -ffreestanding -fno-stack-protector -fno-stack-check -fshort-wchar -mno-red-zone -maccumulate-outgoing-args -c ./boot/idt.c -o ./objects/idt.o
+#nasm "./boot/idt.asm" -f elf64 -o "./objects/idt_s.o"
+#nasm "./boot/gdt.asm" -f elf64 -o "./objects/gdt_s.o"
+ld -shared -Bsymbolic -Lgnu-/usr/lib -L/usr/lib -T/usr/lib/elf_x86_64_efi.lds /usr/lib/crt0-efi-x86_64.o ./objects/gdt.o ./objects/main.o ./objects/font.o ./objects/print.o ./objects/kernel.o ./objects/strcmp.o ./objects/commands.o ./objects/keyboard.o ./objects/isspace.o -o ./objects/main.so -lgnuefi -lefi
+objcopy -j .text -j .sdata -j .data -j .rodata -j .dynamic -j .dynsym -j .rel -j .rela -j .rel.* -j .rela.* -j .reloc --output-target efi-app-x86_64 --subsystem=10 ./objects/main.so main.efi
+cp main.efi ./esp/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
+rm main.efi
+qemu-system-x86_64 -cpu qemu64 -drive if=pflash,format=raw,unit=0,file=/usr/share/ovmf/OVMF.fd,readonly=on -drive format=raw,file=fat:rw:esp -net none -vga std -d int
